GIAC Foundational Cybersecurity Technologies 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

A Directory Traversal attack primarily aims to exploit a web application by gaining unauthorized access to files and directories stored outside the web root folder. Hackers use this technique to manipulate URL paths in such a way that they can traverse the directory structure of the web server and access sensitive data, such as configuration files, user data, or server files that are not meant to be publicly accessible.

When a Directory Traversal attack is successful, attackers can read pertinent files that may contain password hashes, environment variables, or other critical information, which could further facilitate deeper exploits within the system. This makes option B the correct choice, as it emphasizes the malicious intent behind the attack to access confidential information.

The other options, while related to web applications, do not capture the essence of a Directory Traversal attack. Navigating the website structure is a natural part of web browsing and does not represent an attack. Uploading unauthorized files refers to a different type of vulnerability (like file upload vulnerabilities), and enhancing web performance has no direct connection to the purpose of Directory Traversal, which is inherently geared toward unauthorized access.